Aloe Vera Diseases: [Characteristics, Types, Detection and Treatment]

What are the diseases of aloe vera and how can we detect them?

The aloe vera plant belongs to the plantae kingdom, is medicinal and shares the Liliaceae family with garlic, onion and asparagus.

Its name means bright and bitter substance and it is also known as aloe vera. It has been used in ancient and modern medicine to treat multiple diseases; in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industry.

The cultivation of aloe vera presents some problems related to phytopathogenic microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) but also diseases caused by poor and inadequate agronomic management.

Some of the organisms that cause aloe vera diseases are fungi, which cause damage to the roots, stem, and leaves; also bacteria of the genera Erwinia, Pectobacterium and Dickeya. The main diseases that affect aloe vera are:

Root rot, generally caused by malpractice in irrigation; Leaf spot disease that affects aloe vera leaves and soft rot. Anthracnose that attacks most of the plant and Powdery Mildew that takes advantage of the plant’s nutrients, weakens it and causes leaf necrosis.

They are fungi that also make aloe vera sick.

Description of aloe vera diseases

The cultivation of the aloe vera plant can be attacked by the following diseases:

Root rot

This disease is caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium that attacks more than 100 species of plants, due to its rapid growth mechanism.

This fungus is found distributed in the soil, due to its ability to develop at a temperature of 37 ºC. 

Root rot disease reduces the growth of aloe vera and can even cause plant death.

Aloe Vera leaf spot or leaf spot

It is a disease of great importance in aloe vera since it causes great losses in the harvest.

This disease is caused by phytopathogens that affect the leaves such as Alternaria Alternata; Colletotrichum, causing up to 80% damage; Nigrospora oryzae that affects up to 50% per plant; Poly Rostrata and Phoma eupyre.

Soft rot

One of the organisms that cause aloe vera soft rot is Dyckeya, formerly known as Erwinia chrysanthemy, Pectobacterium chrysanthemi).

This disease consists of the watery rot of the pseudo-stem, and has a high survival rate, since it remains for long periods of time in the soil and plant debris.

Anthracnose

It is produced by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which mainly affects the leaves, stems and fruits. 

Powdery mildew

The powdery mildew fungus Ascomycete affects the epidermal cells of aloe vera leaves and spreads its infection in the spring and winter periods.

How to identify and eliminate aloe vera diseases?

To carry out preventive, ecological and chemical treatments to aloe vera crops, it is important to learn and identify the type of disease you suffer from. 

Root rot

It can be detected in the cultivation of aloe vera because it causes yellowing and wilting of the leaves. 

It attacks the root system, the stem and the aerial parts of the plant and can decompose the reserve organs as well as cause wilting and necrosis of the leaves.

To eliminate this disease, the use of the substrate of another plant that could be infected should be avoided ; remove diseased plants from the aloe vera growing area; use new containers for planting and water in the morning to dry the substrate.

Irrigation management is the key to preventing root rot in aloe vera.

Leaf spot

It is identified by the dark brown necrotic spots and grayish center, with a circular or oval shape on the leaves of aloe vera.

When the aloe vera leaf is infected it begins to dry out from the tip, this results in a reduction of the mucilaginous gel content in the leaf.

To control the disease, it is recommended to follow a fungicide spraying program when night temperatures exceed 15 ° C; especially when the leaves are kept wet for long periods. 

The leaf spot also eliminates waste plowing cultivation crop soon after which help reduce the amount of inoculum available for the next cycle agri cultural al a. 

Soft rot

Symptoms consist of necrotic lesions that present a watery consistency at the beginning of the infection.

Later, the upper third of the tender leaves of the bud dries up and, once the disease is advanced, the upper third detaches, leaving only a necrotic scar.

The phytopathogen that causes soft rot has very few management measures, so it is recommended to completely eradicate the crop, once the aloe vera plant shows manifestations of the disease.

Anthracnose

It manifests itself with the presence of irregular spots of tan, orange , black or reddish color and it expands until the leaves, fruits and stems wilt. 

Preventive treatments: pull weeds to avoid accumulation of water; change the substrate layer that is not infected; grow quality seeds and disinfect the instruments used to handle aloe vera.

Other experts recommend that in case of an advanced stage of anthracnose plant a profound way Prune, apply glue horse or completely eliminated.

Powdery mildew

It occurs in aloe vera as a white powder that develops on the leaves. Control of powdery mildew can be done through the use of chemicals with fungicidal action.

However, their expert execution must be taken into account so as not to cause serious problems to the floor.

Other techniques are also recommended such as: the complete elimination of the affected parts, late plantings, regulation of the nitrogen supply and the application of sulfur, which is a lethal fungicide for powdery mildew.